From bombs to big data - 15 companies profiting from and fueling Israel’s mass atrocities

UK enabling mass atrocities through defence contracts, public sector deals, supply chains, and failures to comply with their legal obligations

‘It is unacceptable that states and companies are aware that their revenues come from death, destruction and immense suffering of Palestinians’ - Agnès Callamard, Amnesty’s Secretary General

States, public institutions, and corporations around the world are enabling or profiting from Israel’s prolonged violations of international law. These include the ongoing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, its decades-long occupation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and its entrenched apartheid system.

Through complicity, support, or self-imposed paralysis, these global actors share responsibility, Amnesty International said in a briefing published today that outlines urgent calls to action for both states and companies.

The 20-page briefing – Pull the plug on the political economy enabling Israel’s crimes – provides examples of 15 companies for which Amnesty has gathered credible evidence regarding their contribution to Israel’s unlawful actions. The briefing also highlights UK links, including defence contracts with Elbit Systems, and the British industry’s role in the F-35 programme used by Israel in its genocide in Gaza.

Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s Secretary General, said:                                                                                                                

“Human dignity is not a commodity. While Palestinian mothers in Gaza are left to watch their children waste away from starvation under Israel’s genocide, arms companies and others continue to reap substantial profits.

“Israel’s prolonged unlawful occupation and decades of apartheid have required in-depth and sustained support to Israel through economic relations and trade. Amnesty calls on its members and supporters the world over to demand an immediate end to the political economy underpinning Israel’s international crimes.

“Today’s briefing identifies actions that states must take to fulfil their obligations, from banning and barring companies contributing or directly linked to Israel’s crimes, to effective legislation and regulation, and including divesting and ceasing purchases or contracts. It also lists actions companies should take, such as suspending sales or contracts and making divestments. 

“It is unacceptable that states and companies are aware that their revenues come from death, destruction and immense suffering of Palestinians, yet they have decided to look away, maintain their business models regardless of the human cost, and indulge in their wealth. We cannot allow the immense, unfathomable suffering of the Palestinian people to be ignored for a minute longer.”

Companies contributing to Israel’s unlawful occupation and/or crimes under international law

Amnesty has documented the abuses by several of these companies for years and wrote to all the companies named in this briefing, asking questions about their activities in Israel and the OPT, and expressing concerns over the human rights violations described in this document. In 2025, only five companies sent replies, which are reflected in the briefing.

Amnesty has documented the use of Boeing bombs and guidance kits in unlawful air strikes carried out in the occupied Gaza Strip. In particular, the Israeli military likely used Boeing-manufactured weapons, including Joint Direct Attack Munitions and GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs, in a series of deadly air strikes that killed scores of Palestinian civilians across Gaza, including many children. 

Lockheed Martin supplies and services F-16s and Israel’s growing fleet of F-35 combat aircraft – the backbone of the Israeli Air Force and deployed extensively in the bombardment of Gaza.

The three largest Israeli arms companies – Elbit Systems and the state-owned Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and IAI – supply military and security goods and services worth billions of dollars to the Israeli military annually. These include surveillance and armed drones, loitering munitions, and border security systems that Israel has continuously used in its military offensive in Gaza and across the rest of the OPT. Elbit Systems - the only arms company to reply to Amnesty's request for further information - rejected Amnesty’s concerns and argued that the company was operating lawfully, supplying “a sovereign, unsanctioned government, recognised by the international community”.

Israel is also currently using Hikvision’s surveillance products and services in its system of apartheid against Palestinians, while Corsight specialises in the development and sale of facial recognition software that the Israeli military has used in its offensive in Gaza.

Palantir Technologies, a US artificial intelligence company, has been supplying AI products and services to the Israeli military and intelligence services, which are linked to Israel’s military activities in Gaza.

Mekorot contributes to Israel’s unlawful occupation of the Palestinian Territory by managing the water infrastructure and network in the West Bank in ways that discriminate against Palestinians and favour unlawful Israeli settlements. CAF supports the Jerusalem Light Rail project, which facilitates the expansion of Israeli settlements, while HD Hyundai produces, maintains and services heavy machinery used in unlawful demolitions in the OPT.

In 2019, Amnesty also highlighted how leading online tourism companies Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia and TripAdvisor have contributed to the maintenance, consolidation and further expansion of unlawful Israeli settlements in the OPT. They continue to host listings despite repeated calls to disengage.

Amnesty is calling on these companies and other implicated to immediately suspend all sales and deliveries into Israel of weapons and other military, security and surveillance equipment, or other heavy machinery, parts or goods and services contributing or directly linked to human rights violations in the OPT. States, public institutions and other companies must use their leverage through their investments in these companies – up to and including responsibly divesting and ceasing purchases from them – to stop these sales.

States should also bar these companies from trade shows, government meetings, contracts, research grants and activities with public bodies related to the types of products sold into Israel. All these measures must remain in place until such companies can demonstrate that they are not contributing to Israel’s unlawful occupation or crimes under international law. These measures must remain in place until such companies demonstrate they are not contributing to Israel’s unlawful occupation or crimes under international law.

UN's 12-month deadline for Israel to withdraw from OPT expires today

Amnesty is publishing this set of urgent calls for states and companies on the anniversary of the 18 September 2024 UN General Assembly resolution, which demanded that Israel end its unlawful occupation of the Palestinian territory within 12 months of its adoption. The resolution was adopted to implement the July 2024 International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion, which declared that Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territory is unlawful, that its discriminatory laws and policies against Palestinians in the OPT violate the prohibition on racial segregation and apartheid, and that Israel’s presence in the OPT must rapidly terminated.

The UN General Assembly then called on member states to take concrete steps to action the Court’s declaration to bring Israel’s occupation in the OPT to an end, including by taking “measures to prevent their nationals, companies, and entities under their jurisdiction from engaging in activities that support or sustain Israel’s occupation… to cease importing products originating from Israeli settlements and to halt the transfer of arms, munitions, and related equipment to Israel in cases where there are reasonable grounds to suspect they may be used in Occupied Palestinian Territory”, and to “implement sanctions, such as travel bans and asset freezes, against individuals and entities involved in maintaining Israel’s unlawful presence in the Territory.”

Amnesty is calling on states to ban, with immediate effect, the supply to Israel of all arms, military and security equipment and services, and all surveillance equipment, artificial intelligence and cloud infrastructure used to support surveillance, security and military activity. This includes prohibiting the transit and transshipment of arms, military and security equipment and related parts and components bound for Israel through their jurisdictions, via their ports, airports, airspace or territory.  

Amnesty is also calling for a halt to trade with and investment in companies based anywhere around the world that are contributing to Israel’s genocide, apartheid or unlawful occupation. At a minimum, this must include those listed by the UN Special Rapporteur and in the UN Database of companies contributing to illegal settlements. States must ensure that companies under their jurisdiction comply.